作文的展开—按照三步走：
1)题目涉及的现象进行简单的描述，在描述的过程中将写作引向文章的主题(这样的描述可以自己控制，如果第一段落字数单薄，可以适当使描述具体化)
2)在第一步的基础上给出观点，观点视文章主旨可以分为：个人观点(包括方法、途径)，和多方观点(观点从正反两方面或者一个方面的多个层次阐述;在交待观点是需要有原因和支持。)
3)个人观点总结点题(同意异表)，简要指出方法途径，如果找不到具体的解决方法，则将话讲得圆滑(如果正文中间观点没有必然冲突，则可以融合)
A 1995.1 my view on the negative effects of some advertisements
à社会上的广告现象越来越多，很多的广告对我们的社会有不良的影响-〉(广告如何多：路边大型广告，报纸一半是广告，电线杆上垃圾广告，电视商业广告频繁。)
Today we live in a world of advertisement. Ads appear on broad side boards, take up much of newspaper coverage, slip their way onto walls and constantly interrupt TV programs. However pervasive they are, (尽管他们四处充斥)they always produce a negative influence.
从观点的多个层次描写：1，白日抢劫--卖家通过弯曲夸大事实来欺骗消费者购买(化妆品)2，种下不良消费习惯或者价值观(香烟)3，污染环境(牛皮癣和校园商业海报)
To begin with, daylight robbery is made everyday occurrence (百日抢劫每天都在发生)as a result of the negative effects of ads. Harmful ads exaggerate the functions and distort/ignore the facts.(夸大功能，歪曲事实) Every means is tried to hook people into buying(为了诱导人们消费，不择手段). Make-up promotion is a typical case in point.(化妆品促销就是一个典型的例子) Furthermore, misleading ads plant in the mind (在脑海中植下)of consumers, especially young people, a bad consumption habit or, even worse, corrupt values. For proof, look no further than cigarette selling. (香烟销售就是一个典型的例子)Ads with the image of a smoking pop star broadcast an irresistible message.(传递无法抗拒的信息) Last but not least, easily-printed posters and handouts have polluted our environment.
个人认为广告负面效应不可避免，要通过严格的法律来减少危害，同时开动脑精，远离它们
Personally, no one can avoid the negative influence. However, we need to step up law enforcement (加强执法)to minimize the harm of such ads. Meanwhile, as consumers, we need to use our head and keep our distance.
B 1996.1 Two-day weekend
--〉工作效率提高，物质生活富足，人们可能享受2天周末制， —〉(除了工作效率之外：人们对生活水平的期待)
As the productivity improves, our society becomes more affluent than ever before. As a result of such social advance, a 2-day weekend seems not just possible but also feasible.
从正反两方面描写，每个方面可以从多个角度来论述：1，有人欢呼，原因如下1)更长的休息时间，更好的调整精力，更高的效率为新的一周做好准备 2)更长的时间与家人分享，更加融洽家庭关系3)可以进行适当距离的旅游，更好的享受生活。 2，有人反对，原因如下1)在某种程度上不利于生产和生活(减少产出，办事不方便)2)降低效率(周末未完之事必须拖拉两天;周末活动过多造成假期疲劳)
The proponents (支持者)happily welcome a 2-day weekend for the following reasons. Firstly, a 2-day weekend ensures more time for rest(确保足够的时间休息). People can better recover from 5 days hard work(可以更好的从天的工作中恢复过来) and get more refreshed and productive for the coming week. Secondly, a 2-day weekend allows more time to share with one’s family. Thirdly, 2 days make possible(使—成为可能) short-distance travels, so that people needn’t rush through a destination (在一个游玩的目的地走马观花)and can enjoy more of life(更好的享受生活). On the other hand, the opponents(反对者)argue an extended weekend(延长了的周末) causes incontinences of some kind (某种程度的不便)to life and harm to economy, as workers in service agencies (服务行业)and in companies leave position for leisure and recreation.(离职去娱乐享受) What’s more, a longer weekend reduces efficiency(降低效率) and does not necessarily promise (确保)more energy for a new week. Anything that happens on Friday but can’t be finished within that day has to be delayed even longer. After people finish an ambitious travel, they feel exhausted than refueled. (他们感到很疲劳而不是充电了)
个人认为是好事，但是要多方面努力，享受好处的同时尽量避免坏处
As for me, I readily welcome the 2-day weekend. Still, we need to make joint efforts to minimize the disadvantages while enjoying a happier life.
C 1998.6 do lucky numbers really bring luck?
--〉中国这个社会长期以来的传统:喜欢吉祥的数字。数字和运气之间有必然的联系么?--〉(如何喜欢：重要事件选择黄道吉日，如婚庆，开业;手机号码选择吉祥数字。等等举不胜举)
It’s a tradition in the Chinese culture to associate lucky numbers with good luck. We select good days for big events like wedding and business ceremonies; we cast huge money for a good phone number or a car plate. Similar examples simply abound in this country(这样的例子举不胜举). However, does this magical relationship exist?
从正反两方面描写，每个方面可以从多个角度来论述：1有人坚信，原因如下1)几千年的民族传统肯定有他的道理 2)偶尔的神奇现象也能增加信心。2 不相信的人也有自己的理由1)数字只是人类发明的符号，与运气无关。2)如果不遵守科学规律，任何数字都不能确保幸运。(车祸)
Those who believe argue that such a tradition dates back thousands of years(这个传统有几千年的历史了). There must be a reason. In addition, occasional coincidences(偶尔的巧合) in history and in life even add to their confidence(增强了他们对这个信心). By contrast, those who don’t believe also have their reasons. For one thing, numbers are nothing but man-made symbols. How can they have anything to do with luck? For another, however lucky the numbers are(不管这个数字都么的吉祥), accidents can’t be avoided if we turn a blind eye to science(无视科学), say, driving a car while being drunk.
个人认为数字和运气没有必然联系，因此不能当真。同时尊重这样的一个传统。
From my point of view, there is never any relation between lucky numbers and good luck. While we keep this tradition, we should never take it too seriously.
D 2000.1 how I finance my college education
--〉大学费用越来越贵，学生来自不同收入的家庭，支付学费的方式不一而同。我的方式如何?--〉(怎么贵--占家庭开支比重上升;支付方式如何不同：打工，依赖父母)
College education fee is always on the increase. Generally, a higher percentage of family expense goes to education. With family background varying from person to person,(家庭背景应人而异) how students finance their education also differs. Some rely on working part-time, while others on parents. As for me, I depend on both.
从观点的多个层次描写(如果开始段落涉及观点可以融合，则最大程度上进行融合)：1，打工能够锻炼独立性，了解社会，为毕业以及学习动力做好准备2，大部分钱依靠父母，学生的主要职责是多学。
First and foremost, working part-time offers a chance to know the society well and develop your independence, thus supplying motivation for even harder work at school(为学校努力学习提供动力) and making preparations for graduation. Secondly but equally important, relying on parents for most of the education fee helps you overcome the worry of money (克服钱的麻烦)and the unnecessary disturbance of work(工作不必要的打扰), so that you can concentrate on your major task as a student: study.
个人认为最好是两者结合，要注意处理之间的关系，不能本末倒置。
As far as I am concerned, I will combine these two ways. However, they should be properly balanced. Most important, we should never put the cart before the horse.(本末倒置)
E 2003.1 It pays to be honest
--〉社会上不诚实，欺诈的现象越来越多(如果正面不好发挥，则反其道行之)。(欺诈现象的具体：学校，商场，人才市场等等)。
The world is becoming less honest(世人越来越不诚实). People cheat in one form or anther(欺骗的方式形形色色). In schools, lazy students cheat to pass exams; in shops, greedy businessmen sell fake product (假货)to make dirty money; and in job fairs, desperate people make up experiences to win a chance.
从观点的多个层次描写：欺骗是饮鸩止渴。1，欺骗的初期能够带来额外利润然长期以往则是名声的损毁以及消费者的不认可 2，欺骗固然能够使人在特定的情况下逃出困境或者获益，但是需要用更多的欺骗来圆场，最终丧失人们的信任。
However common cheating is becoming, it does more harm than good to those who cheat(害人害己). To begin with, cheating can, to some extent, help you out of a difficult situation (帮助你摆脱困境)or brings benefits. However, as a proverb(谚语) goes “one lie necessarily leads to more ”(一个谎言需要更多的谎言来圆场), you need more lies to cover first lie(对前面谚语的解释). In the long run, you will lose trust from people around, above and below you.(你周围的人以及上下级) What’s more, cheating brings extra profits at the beginning yet erodes reputation(腐蚀名声) and costs you the faith of consumers in the end,(最终让你丧失客户的信任) as no one can cheat all the people all the time.
个人认为不能欺骗，有悖道德，害人害己。同时需要加强法律监督。
In my opinion, we should never cheat. Dishonesty runs against our traditional virtue (与传统美德相背离)and does harm to those who cheat. Meanwhile, we need to put in place powerful laws.
F 2003, 12 reduce waste on campus
--〉校园里浪费现象很严重(体现：食物，水龙头，电器，小馆子吃饭等等)
Waste problem increasingly stands out in schools.(浪费现象日益突出) In the canteen, students throw away more than they eat; in the washroom, the tap is never turned off; even in an empty classroom, the lights are always on. Similar examples have virtually become a staple on campus(类似的例子成了学校的一道风景线/举不胜举)
从观点的多个层次描写：浪费不好 1，资源有限，浪费普遍资源则后代倒霉
1， 养成不良习惯为以后的工作生活增加负担3，与节俭的传统美德相背离;在高等学府里浪费更是教育的耻辱。
Waste, whenever it happens, should be condemned (谴责)for the following reasons. Firstly, in this populous country(人口众多的国家), we have relatively limited resources. If we go on wasting human’s common resources, our decedents will suffer from hunger or even starve(挨饿). What’s more, such a behavior on campus will lead to a bad habit in your later work or life. Your expenses (花销)will rise as a result. Lat but not least, waste, on whatever occasion, goes against our traditional virtue(传统价值观) and puts to shame our education.(让我们的教育蒙羞)
个人认为浪费不好，需要共同努力，学校对学生说服教育，个人也要加强自觉。
From my point of view, waste is everything to be blamed. We need to join hands for the solution of this problem. The school should educate the students while the individuals should cooperate and behave themselves.
G 1996.6 health gained in developing countries(图标类文章不能生硬的简单描述。)
à 图标表明寿命从40-60短短30年涨了20年，比较而言，儿童死亡从-下降到--，降幅达到。什么促成了这个现象
As clearly stated in the graph, life expectancy increased dramatically, up from 40 to 60, in 30 years. By contrast, infant mortality dropped by 15%, down from 25% to 10% during the same period. What has contributed to this development?
从观点的多个层次描写：1，医疗技术的进展，治愈顽疾，抢救儿童2，生活水平的提高(吃住)，追求健康饮食和适当锻炼3 技术降低灾害的损失，其中妇女，儿童最倒霉。
First and foremost, the advance in medical science and technology has enabled us to cure many originally fatal diseases(治愈原本致命的疾病) and save millions of babies that could have died before, at or after birth. (出生前，出身时，出身后)The second reason has much to do with a good system(第二个原因与—有关) in which everyone is covered by timely medi-care(每个人享受免费医疗). What’s more, people now enjoy a happier life. No longer satisfied with a full stomach and warm clothing(不仅仅满足吃饱穿暖), we turn to a balanced diet (将注意力转向均衡饮食)and go in for physical exercises(参加体育运动). Last but not least, technology has reduced the occurrence /incidence (发生)of disasters as well as minimized the damages and injuries(姜损伤和危害降到最低). Otherwise, women and children would suffer most.
个人认为好现象，但是需要控制人口增长，否则前途未卜。
In my opinion, this means people can live a longer and better life. However, only god knows whether this is a curse or bless if the population explosion is not brought under control.
